Churpfälzische Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft Palatinate Physical and Economic Society

Founding of the Society
Year	Authority / Notes
1769	According to Kreutz (1996), p.242, the origin of the Society was the Bienengesellschaft founded by the pharmacist Johann Riem of Lautern in 1769. According to Kreutz (1996), p.242, this Society was based at first in Kaiserslautern and then in Heidelberg. According to Willer (1967), p.242, in 1769 Johann Riem, a pharmacist and customs collector of the Palatinate, with twelve other "patriotic" people from the Palatinate, laid the foundation in Kaiserslautern for the Physikalisch-ökonomische und Bienengesellschaft zu Lautern. This Society considered its most important function to be the improvement of bee cultivation. By the next year (1770) they had already broadened their scope to include agriculture more generally. Willer (1967), p.243 indicates that the Society's activities included the construction of a bee-house, an "economical" garden, and a tree school, as well as the operation of a model farm, and the publishing of a journal. Willer (1967), pp.243-244 points out that in 1774, the Society was instrumental in the founding of an agricultural school, the Kameral Hohe Schule (which later became the Staatswirtschafts Hohe Schule), which was under the control of the Society. Willer (1967), p.246 indicates that in 1784 both the School and the Society moved from Kaiserslautern to Heidelberg. The funding that had previously supported the Society and its establishments now went to the School. Willer (1967), p.246 goes on to say that after 1792, the Society seems to have been dissolved.
Seat of the Society
City	Authority / Notes
Kaiserslautern & Heidelberg Germany	According to Kreutz (1996), p.242, this Society was based at first in Kaiserslautern and then in Heidelberg.
Name of the Society
Dates	Name	Authority
1769	Physikalisch-Ökonomische und Bienengesellschaft zu Lautern	Its publications.
1770 - 1783?	Kuhrpfälzische Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft	Its publications.
1783? - 1785	Kurpfälzische Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft	Its publications.
1785 - 1786	Churpfälzische Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft	Its publications.
1786 - 1790	Churpfälzische Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft in Heidelberg	Its publications.
1790 - 1792	Churpfälzische Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft zu Heidelberg	Its publications.

Journals of the Society
Years	Full Journal Title	Abbrev.
1769 [i.e. pub. 1770]   A	Bemerkungen der Physikalisch-Ökonomischen und Bienengesellschaft zu Lautern Continued by B. Indexed Reuss [GBV German Union cat.]	Bemerk. der Oekon. Gesellsch. in Lautern [Reuss, v.6, p.423 cites J. 1769.] Bemerk. der Oekon. Gesellsch. zu Lautern [Reuss, v.6, p.3 cites J. 1769.] Bemerk. der Oekonom. Gesellsch. in Lautern [Reuss, v.6, p.415 cites J. 1769.]
1770 - 1783 [i.e. pub. 1771 - 1785]   B	Bemerkungen der Kuhrpfälzischen Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft : vom Jahr .. Part of the time the title was Bemerkungen der Kurpfälzischen Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft. Continues A. Indexed Reuss & Pogg. [GBV German Union cat.]	Bemerk. der Churpfälzischen Physik. Oekon. Ges. [Reuss, v.6, p.18 cites J. 1781.] Bemerk. der Pfälzischen Oekon. Gesellsch. [Reuss, v.3, p.46 cites J. 1781; v.4, p.6 cites J. 1781; v.6, p.1 cites J. 1783; v.6, p.2 cites J. 1780; v.6, p.3 cites J. 1770; v.6, p.4 cites J. 1773; v.6, p.7 cites J. 1779; v.6, p.18 cites J. 1771, J. 1772, J. 1776, J. 1779, J. 1782, J. 1783; v.6, p.19 cites J. 1779; v.6, p.22 cites J. 1780; v.7, p.21 cites J. 1777; v.7 p.47 cites J. 1777.] Bemerk. der Pfälzischen Phys. Oekon. Gesellsch. [Reuss, v.6, p.1 cites J. 1770; v.6, p.6 cites J. 1770.] Bemerkk. d. pfälz. ökonom. Gesellsch. [Pogg., v.1, col.465 cites 1771.] Bemerkungen der Churpfälz. Physik. Oekon. Gesellsch. [Reuss, v.1, p.27 cites J.1781.]
1784/1785 - 1789/1790 [i.e. pub. 1785 - 1790/1791] (1. - 5.)   C	Vorlesungen der Churpfälzischen Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft in Heidelberg For 1.1784/85 the title was Vorlesungen der Kurpfälzischen Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft. For 2.1785/86 the title was Vorlesungen der Churpfälzischen Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft. And for 3.1786/88 - 5.1789/90,1 the title was Vorlesungen der Churpfälz. Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft in Heidelberg. Continued by D. Indexed Reuss [GBV German Union cat.]	Vorles. der Pfälz. Oekon. Ges. [Reuss, v.2, p.31 cites J. 1786-1788.] Vorles. der Pfälz. Physik. Oekon. Gesellsch. [Reuss, v.2, p.12 cites B.2.] Vorles. der Pfälzischen Oekon. Gesellsch. [Reuss, v.6, p.8 cites J. 1784-1785; v.6, p.18 cites J. 1784 u. 1785; v.6, p.337 cites J. 1786 - 1788.] Vorles. der Pfälzischen. Oekon. Gesellsch. [Reuss, v.7, p.65 cites J. 1788 u. 1789.] Vorles. der Pfälzischen Phys. Oekon. Gesellsch. [Reuss, v.6, p.3 cites B.2.] Vorles. der Pfälzischen Physik.-Oekon. Gesellsch. [Reuss, v.8, p.375 cites J. 1788 u. 1789.] Vorlesungen der Pfälz. Phys. Oekon. Gesellsch. [Reuss, v.2, p.2 cites B.2.]
1790/1791 - 1791/1792 (1. - 2.)   D	Staatswirthschaftliche Vorlesungen der Churpfälzischen Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Heidelberg Continues C. Indexed Reuss [GBV German Union cat.]	Staatswirthsch. Vorles. der Pfälz. Oekon. Ges. [Reuss, v.2, p.12 cites J. 1790 - 1791.] Staatswirthsch. Vorles. der Pfälzischen Physik.-Oekon. Gesellsch. [Reuss, v.8, p.375 cites J. 1790 u. 1791.]